Changpeng Zhao, also known as CZ, is a Chinese-Canadian entrepreneur, well known as the founder and former CEO of Binance, the world's largest cryptocurrency exchange. On November 21, 2023, the Wall Street Journal reported that CZ would be stepping down as CEO of Binance and that Binance would settle a long-running investigation with the U.S. Department of Justice by paying a $4.3 billion fine according to their sources. ^{[24] [60] [61] [62]}

Early Life & Education

CZ was born on September 10, 1977, in Jiangsu province, China to his Chinese parents, who were both teachers in China. His father was a professor in China before he was branded "pro-bourgeoisie intellect" and exiled from his country. When he was 12 years old, CZ moved with his family to Vancouver, Canada where they settled.^[24]

During his teenage years, Zhao helped support his family by working several service industry jobs, including at a Chevron gas station, at McDonald’s, and as a referee at volleyball games.^[5]

While in Canada, CZ attended McGill University in Montreal, Canada where he earned a computer science degree.^[6]

Career

After college, CZ began working for the Tokyo Stock Exchange, developing software for matching trade orders. He also worked at Bloomberg Tradebook, a developer of futures trading software. In 2005, CZ quit his role as head of the Bloomberg Tradebook Futures Research & Development team and moved to Shanghai to start Fusion Systems, known for building "some of the fastest high-frequency trading systems for brokers."^[7][9]

CZ learned about Bitcoin in early 2013 while playing poker with his friends. Bitcoin then was new and CZ had no idea about it but found it to be interesting so he decided to learn more. He read the whole Bitcoin whitepaper to get more understanding of the new technology. ^[27]

He fully got invested into the cryptocurrency industry in December 2013. While attending a conference in Las Vegas, he had the opportunity to meet Vitalik Buterin, one of the co-founders of Ethereum. During this encounter, CZ also met someone who was quite influential in his journey into the world of crypto. This individual demonstrated Ripple to CZ and even transferred $500 worth of Ripple's token, XRP, to him, encouraging him to use it to teach others about the technology. ^[57]

This encounter had a profound impact on CZ, and he eventually quit his job and sold his house to fully immerse himself in the world of crypto. He faced criticism from his friends and family who said he was foolish for making such a decision. Two months later, Bitcoin crashed by 70% and CZ lost over 700,000 thousand dollars.^[27][57]

"In December 2013, I went to a conference in Las Vegas and bumped into Vitalik Buterin, one of the founders of Ethereum. … There was one other guy that was quite influential. I was learning Ripple. He came over with a laptop to show me how it works, and in the process, he transferred [$500 of Ripple's token] XRP to me and said, 'You can use that to teach the next guy.' "So I was like: 'Well, this is a pretty generous group of people. They're really not after the money. They're really just wanting to teach.' Shortly after that, I quit my job, sold my house."

Later, Zhao also worked on various cryptocurrency projects including Blockchain.com, and served as chief technology officer of OKCoin, attempting to spread his vision of integrating blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies into businesses and everyday life. ^[8][58]

“If you pick one business, and integrate [it] with crypto, I fully believe cryptocurrencies will give a much stronger financial funding power.”

On March 19th, 2024, Changpeng Zhao unveiled Giggle Academy, a nonprofit online education platform, focusing on grades 1 to 12. It aims to offer a gamified curriculum covering traditional subjects and advanced topics like blockchain and AI, all free and online. Zhao clarified that the project is non-crypto related, emphasizing its educational mission.^[70][71][72]

Binance

In 2017, CZ left OKCoin to start a cryptocurrency exchange called Binance. Its name was a combination of two words: “binary,” as in the ones and zeros of computer code, and “finance.” He launched the exchange on July 14, 2017, following a $15 million funding raised during an initial coin offering.^[10][11] By 2018, Binance had already become the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the world, with a market cap exceeding $1.3 billion.^[28]

In August 2018, Binance made their first public acquisition, buying Trust Wallet, a secure Ethereum wallet app, to enhance its services and improve user safety. The acquisition added an on-chain mobile wallet to Binance's offerings while giving the Trust Wallet team the freedom to continue developing their product. Binance aimed to offer better security, services, and support to users with this acquisition, and also expected to pave the way for future integrations with other services. ^[39][40]

“The value of their brand, along with the exposure Binance can deliver will offer much more beyond the monetary value of the deal”

In January 2019, Binance partnered with Simplex to offer crypto purchases with a debit or credit card. In September, the company began offering perpetual futures contracts allowing for 125x leveraging on the contracts. Additionally, Binance.us was launched in nearly all of the United States.^[28]

In March 2020, Binance acquired the leading cryptocurrency data tracking platform CoinMarketCap for a sum of $400 million. CZ aimed to further develop CoinMarketCap and increase Binance's exposure to CoinMarketCap's large following. ^[41][42]

“CoinMarketCap has more users than any other product in the crypto space,”
"Even though their money generation mechanism is not as strong as Binance, they do have the users," "It's a very valuable platform."

In September 2020, Binance launched their Binance Smart Chain (BSC), a blockchain network developed by Binance that allows for the creation and management of decentralized applications (DApps) through smart contracts. It was created to overcome the programmability limitations of the initial Binance Chain and offers high transaction capacity through its integration with the Ethereum Virtual Machine. ^[43][44]

“Right now it is one of our larger businesses that support our growth. But over the long term, we want to push decentralization.”

On February 15th 2022, Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain merged into BNB Chain. BNB Chain comprises BNB Beacon Chain and BNB Smart Chain. BNB, which stands for "Build and Build" is a gas token that powers transactions on the chain. The change brings advancements to benefit users, projects, and developers, including scaling to multi-chain, boosting throughput, introducing on-chain governance, and expanding the validator set. The BNB Chain will support large-scale applications, such as GameFi, SocialFi, and the Metaverse. ^[59]

BNB Chain remains a community-driven, open-sourced and decentralized ecosystem. Through the concept of MetaFi (“Meta” for metadata, and “Fi” for DeFi), the BNB Chain community will aim to build the infrastructure that powers the world’s parallel virtual economy.

In June 2021, Binance launched Binance NFT, a top non-fungible token (NFT) marketplace with premier exhibitions, global auctions, and low fees. It offers two categories: "Premium Event" for sought-after collaborations and "Trading Market" for low-cost NFT creation. Changpeng Zhao’s main goal was to open up the NFT space to the massive Binance community. ^[45]

“Binance serves millions of users around the world, many of whom will now be able to access the booming NFT space. In line with our commitment to the freedom of money globally and building an inclusive ecosystem, the Binance NFT marketplace will also support small value creators by providing the highest liquidity and cheapest fees for users,”

However, in November of 2023, Changpeng Zhao stepped down as the CEO of Binance as he plead guilty to money laundering.

Awards & Recognition

In 2018, Zhao was the nominee for Golden Token Awards and ended up being the 2018 CEO of the Year. His crypto exchange Binance also won the Best in Trading/DEX award.^[17]

In 2020, CZ was recognized in the Bloomberg 50 as one of the most influential people of the year. He commented:

“I am humbled and honored to be part of this group of remarkable people who are shaping our world for the better. Alongside these committed and passionate leaders bringing change across diverse spheres, we will continue to work towards increasing financial inclusion globally with crypto as the fundamental means and putting people and our users first.”^[26]

On December 2022, CoinDesk announced Changpeng Zhao as CoinDesk’s Most Influential 2022. They highlighted Binance’s support, following the downfall of rival cryptocurrency exchange FTX, committing $1 billion to a recovery fund, making CZ seen as the new "savior" of the crypto world, seen in a Bloomberg article headlined, ““Binance’s Billionaire CEO Casts Himself as Crypto’s New Savior”. ^[38]

Investments

According to Bloomberg, Binance has so far invested $325 million in 67 projects this year. The spending for 2022 could exceed $1 billion. He made a $200 million investment in Forbes and a $500 million in equity funding as part of a $7 billion financing pledge to support Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter.^[29]

As the major head of Binance Lab, In June 2022, Binance Labs, the venture capital and incubation arm of Binance, Closed a $500M Investment Fund to Boost Blockchain, Web3, and Value-Building Technologies. In contrast, the corporation spent $140 million on 73 different projects in 2021.^[25]

Philanthropy

CZ donating to fight COVID-19

On April 3rd 2020, Changpeng Zhao, committed at least $2.4 million to purchase COVID-19 medical supplies. Binance Charity Foundation (BCF), the company's philanthropic arm, plans to donate up to $2 million more to provide essential medical supplies such as masks and ventilators directly to hospitals in need. BCF has already donated $1 million and raised around $200,000 in cryptocurrency from the public. Zhao estimates Binance's total contributions will add up to approximately $5 million, with a focus on delivering PPE to hospitals in severely impacted countries such as Italy, the United States, and Germany. ^[46][47]

“The pandemic has changed the world as we know it; it will never be the same again. And in this new world, we believe crypto will play an ever increasing role.”

“It has always been our ethos to help others. It’s human nature to feel good when helping others. It gives us a strong sense of satisfaction, a purpose of being. “

CZ to donate most of his wealth

In November 2021 Changpeng Zhao revealed his plan to donate up to 99% of his wealth in an interview with The Associated Press. Like other business magnates such as John D. Rockefeller, Zhao intends to give away most of his wealth. Although his net worth is around $2 billion, it could reach up to $200 billion if Binance exits near its current valuation of $300 billion. However, Zhao stated that he is financially free and doesn't need a lot of money. He holds only bitcoin and Binance coin (BNB), and the majority of his net worth is in BNB. ^[48]

"I do intend to give away most of my wealth, like many wealthy entrepreneurs or founders did from Rockefeller until today. I do intend to give away 90, 95, or 99% of my wealth,"

Binance partners with Jokkolabs

In July 2022, Changpeng Zhao visited Ivory Coast and Senegal to connect with people and policymakers. CZ emphasized the significance of blockchain for the financial economy and expressed the company's commitment to collaborating with African policymakers. CZ announced Binance's partnership with Jokkolabs, through which Binance will launch blockchain awareness and education programs in communities across Francophone Africa. The partnership aimed to reinforce the region as a hub of blockchain innovation and entrepreneurship, with monetary donation used to fund community education workshops that will increase blockchain literacy and skills. ^[54][55]

“Together, we will reinforce the region as a hub of blockchain innovation and entrepreneurship”

CZ's visit followed Binance's previous partnerships with Senegalese TikTok creator Khaby Lame and AFCON, the biggest international football championship in Africa, indicating Binance's dedication to driving blockchain adoption in the region. ^[54]

“Africa is primed for crypto adoption as blockchain provides financial accessibility not currently available to lots of Africans”

Controversies

Money laundering accusations against Binance

On January 21st 2022, Binance was accused of not implementing adequate measures to prevent money laundering. According to Reuters, a news organization, Binance operates differently from other firms and has not been clear about its main business location. The news organization also reported that CEO Changpeng Zhao disregarded advice from his compliance team to carry out background checks to avoid facilitating money laundering. Binance have denied these allegations and stated that it has a "robust compliance program" that been approved worldwide. ^[30][31]

Lawsuit filing against Bloomberg

On July 26th 2022, Changpeng Zhao initiated a lawsuit against Modern Media, the Hong Kong publisher of Bloomberg Businessweek, for alleged defamation. The lawsuit was a result of a translated version of a Bloomberg Businessweek article, which carried a headline that portrayed Zhao as running a "Ponzi scheme." In response, Zhao demanded a retraction from Modern Media, as well as removal of the edition from circulation and a restraining order to prevent further dissemination of the portrayal. ^[32][33]

“Bloomberg: hey, we will do a nice profile piece on you, invite you for photoshoots, etc. Then switches the story last minute. Ignore all positive comments they got from 3rd parties. Picked only old negatives. And still puts you on the cover. WTF!? Unprofessional.” - CZ

In addition, Zhao filed a motion for discovery against Bloomberg LP and Bloomberg Inc. in the Southern District of New York, alleging "defamatory allegations' 'in the original Bloomberg Businessweek profile piece. Despite Modern Media's efforts to comply with some of Zhao's demands, various online platforms were still selling the print edition, leading Zhao to pursue legal action. A spokesperson for Bloomberg News has stated that the lawsuit refers to a headline that was not present in the original English language version of the story. ^[34]

Quarrel between CZ and Co-Founder of WazirX

On August 6th 2022, Changpeng Zhao was challenged by Nischal Shetty, co-founder of WazirX, over claims about the ownership of WazirX, which is being investigated for money laundering by India's Directorate of Enforcement. Shetty alleged that Binance purchased WazirX, including its technology, product, domain, brand, and more which Zhao denied. ^[35][36]

“The WazirX founding team maintained control of the operations of the platform. We (Binance) were never give data or control of users, KYC, etc. We would love to work with ED to fix these issues in WazirX.”

Shetty explained that Binance asked the Indian entity of Zettai, Zanmai Labs, to start the Indian Rupee crypto market in India under Zanmai Labs and gave them a license. According to Shetty, Zanmai Labs controls only the INR trading crypto market, while Binance controls crypto-to-crypto trading. ^[37]

Binance and FTX

In November 2022, a series of events involving Binance and FTX took place in the span of 3 days. First, Binance announced it was selling its remaining $580 million worth of FTT tokens, citing "recent revelations." Binance's CEO, Changpeng Zhao, said the move was part of a risk management strategy and not directed against a competitor. ^[49][50]

"As part of Binance’s exit from FTX equity last year, Binance received roughly $2.1 billion USD equivalent in cash (BUSD and FTT). Due to recent revelations that have came to light, we have decided to liquidate any remaining FTT on our books."

Next, Binance agreed to acquire FTX, rival exchange, for an undisclosed sum, after FTX suffered a liquidity crisis. ^[51][52]

"This afternoon, FTX asked for our help. There is a significant liquidity crunch. To protect users, we signed a non-binding LOI, intending to fully acquire http://FTX.com and help cover the liquidity crunch. We will be conducting a full DD in the coming days."

However, a day after the non-binding deal was announced, Binance reversed course and abandoned its plans to purchase FTX's non-US businesses, leaving FTX facing a liquidity crisis. FTT tokens lost 80% of their value between Monday and Tuesday, and FTX reportedly faces an $8 billion shortfall due to withdrawal requests. The events highlighted concerns about the solvency of companies linked to Sam Bankman Fried, the billionaire behind FTX. ^[53]

Binance and CZ Settle Federal Charges

On November 21, 2023, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that Binance and CEO, Changpeng Zhao plead guilty to have engaged in anti-money laundering, unlicensed money transmitting, and sanctions violations. During the speech delivered by Attorney General Merrick B. Garland, it was reported that Binance have agreed to plead guilty to willfully violating the Bank Secrecy Act and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. ^[63]

"Binance has agreed to plead guilty to willfully violating the Bank Secrecy Act, knowingly failing to register as a money transmitting business, and willfully violating the International Emergency Economic Powers Act." - Attorney General Merrick B. Garland

This would result in a $4.3 billion fine, including $3.4 billion from U.S. Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network and an additional $968 million from the Office of Foreign Assets Control, according to Reuters.^[64][65] Attorney General Garland also highlighted that Binance facilitated "millions of dollars in transactions" between Binance wallets and illegal entities including Hydra, a Russian darkweb marketplace; Bestmixer, a cryptocurrency anonymizing company that was shut down for money laundering; and Hamas. ^[63]

"This will advance our criminal investigations into malicious cyber activity and terrorism fundraising, including the use of cryptocurrency exchanges to support groups such as Hamas." - Attorney General Merrick B. Garland

"For example, between August 2017 and April 2022, there were direct transfers of approximately $106 million in bitcoin to Binance.com wallets from Hydra. Hydra was a popular Russian darknet marketplace, frequently utilized by criminals, that facilitated the sale of illegal goods and services." - Attorney General Merrick B. Garland

"From February 2018 to May 2019, Binance processed more than $275 million in deposits and $273 million in withdrawals from Bestmixer. Bestmixer was one of the largest cryptocurrency anonymizing services in the world before it was shut down for money laundering." - Attorney General Merrick B. Garland

To provide even more evidence on Binance knowingly engaging in fraudulent activity, Attorney General Garland also disclosed private messages between core members of the Binance team. Some of the examples recited during the speech included:^[63]

In a February 2019 chat, one compliance employee wrote that they needed a banner that said: “is washing drug money too hard these days - come to Binance; we got cake for you.”

As Zhao himself said in a September 2019 chat: “If we blocked US users from day 1, Binance will be not [sic] as big as we are today. We would also not have had any US revenue we had for the last 2 years.” He then added: “better to ask for forgiveness than permission.”

On the same day, Binance also announced that Richard Teng would be taking over as the new CEO of Binance effective immediately replacing Binance founder Changpeng Zhao as CEO. ^[67]

Travel Restriction

Following the initial announcements and filings, CZ's sentencing hearing was scheduled to take place in February 23, 2024. Despite initially allowing CZ to return to the UAE, as a citizen of the United Arab Emirates and Canada, it was later ruled, on November 22, 2023, that he is not allowed to leave the country until after his sentencing. This decision was made after the prosecutors stated that CZ did not provide enough evidence that he would not flee when he returns to the UAE. ^[66]

“Zhao’s significant assets and strong ties to the UAE, as well as the government’s inability to extradite him from the UAE, favor a ruling from this court that he be required to remain in the United States until his sentencing on February 23, 2024.” - Prosecutor

As the hearing was postponed to April 30th, Zhao's filing to leave for the United Arab Emirates was once again denied.^[69]

Plea Settlements Approved

On December 7, 2023, a U.S. district judge approved the plea deals arranged between Changpeng Zhao and the Department of Justice. ^[68]

Zhao's Sentencing

In an April hearing in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington Zhao was sentenced to four months in prison by Judge Richard Jones for charges related to money laundering at his cryptocurrency exchange. He was also ordered to pay a $50 million fine. ^[73]

Before being sentenced, CZ apologized for his actions and said he “had a lot of quiet time alone to think and reflect.” He added he accepted responsibility for Binance’s failure to implement an effective Anti-Money Laundering (AML) program. ^[73]

Sentence Begins

On June 1, 2024, CZ reported to a low-security federal prison in Lompoc, California, to begin serving his sentence. According to a CNBC report, the information was verified with his legal team at Latham and Watkins. ^[74]

Crypto community members expressed their admiration for the former CEO as he was taken into custody. A Reddit user mentioned that the prison sentence is a positive move by CZ, protecting Binance from potential risks. User Ilsemprelaziale wrote:

“If FTX downfall hit Crypto hard, just imagine what would happen if Binance collapsed. He pleaded guilty and stepped down as CEO.” ^[74]

Zhao's Freedom

Changpeng Zhao was released on Friday, September 27, 2024, after completing his 4-month sentence in federal custody. Zhao’s release came two days ahead of his scheduled release date this Sunday, Sep. 29, 2024. The BOP is legally allowed to release prisoners early if their release date falls on a weekend or holiday. ^{[75] [78] [77] [79] [80]}

On September 28, 2024, Zhao made a single tweet saying "gm" which was wildly received by his audience. ^[81]

On September 29, 2024, he quoted the tweet thanking everyone for their support and giving a few updates on his next steps, some of which include - Giggles Academy, a project that aims to provide free, high-quality education for underprivileged children.

"I want to thank everyone for your support. It meant a lot to me, and kept me strong in the darkest moments.
A few quick updates/thoughts: Giggle Academy has been going well, and will be a big part of my life for the next few years.
Will continue to invest in blockchain/decentralized technologies, AI, and biotech. I am a long term investor who care about impact, not returns." ^[82]

He also added that he would dedicate more time and funding to charity and education while also working on his book, which is 2/3 complete as of September 2024. ^[82]

FTX Legal Action

Two years after its bankruptcy filing, defunct crypto exchange FTX filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Bankruptcy Court against Binance Holdings Ltd. and Changpeng Zhao, seeking to recover at least $1.76 billion in “fraudulently transferred” funds. ^[83]

In the lawsuit filed in November 2024, the FTX bankruptcy estate alleges that “at least $1.76 billion worth of crypto was transferred to Binance in July 2021,” were fraudulently transferred to Binance by FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried, as part of a deal where FTX repurchased Binance’s equity stake. ^[84]

With this suit, the FTX estate seeks to void the transfer and recover the funds to repay creditors who suffered significant losses after the crypto exchange’s collapse.

History of Legal Battle with FTX

The legal dispute began in 2019 when Binance acquired a 20% stake in FTX. However, tensions grew as FTX became a major competitor, leading Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao to sell his stake back to FTX in 2021. ^[83][84]

The lawsuit claims that Zhao leveraged the repurchase to secure billions in assets from the struggling FTX. Additionally, a 2022 tweet^[85] from Zhao allegedly incited mass withdrawals from FTX, which the lawsuit argues was a calculated move to harm FTX’s business and disregard its customers and creditors. ^[84]

The FTX estate argues that Binance’s liquidation of FTT was not done in a manner that would “minimize the market impact,” as Zhao had claimed. Instead, the plaintiffs contend that Zhao’s actions were meant to maximize market impact, causing the price of FTT to drop and damaging FTX while increasing Binance’s market share. ^[83]